Is Vitamin A Deficiency a Growing Concern? A Pan-India Retrospective Study of 15,000 Individuals

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin A deficiency is a very huge clinical burden, both subclinical and clinical. In the Indian scenario, it also forms a major aspect of the broad micronutrient deficiency. Absence of symptoms does not rule out deficiency, and that is what makes diagnosing subclinical deficiency of Vitamin A imperative.Methods: Data from a total of 15,116 specimens analyzed for serum Vitamin A levels were studied for this report. The cohort consists of all age groups, from infants to old adults, and includes 8,226 males and 6,890 females, respectively. Serum Vitamin A levels were analyzed using the superior platform of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.Results: The clinical reference range for Vitamin A levels varies as per age, but to understand the prevalence of borderline low and high Vitamin A scenarios among Indians, 1 SD values of less than 387 ng/mL and > 748 ng/mL were considered for further analysis. The total frequency of borderline low was detected to be 9.8%, while that for high was 10.6%. Geographical distribution analysis identified a significant number of cases to be from North India and certain Southern States, wherein it is a public health issue and a concern needing action, as well as regions wherein deficiency is likely to exist.Conclusion: Our study is one of the few to assess a huge cohort of over 15,000 samples and present a detailed pan-India picture of low Vitamin A levels.

Keywords: Deficiency; India; Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry; Micronutrient; serum; Vitamin A